Howard, Sarah Katherine.

Top Publications

Year	Title
2019	Usage profiling from mobile applications: A case study of online activity for Australian primary schools Published in Knowledge-Based Systems
2013	Risk-aversion: Understanding teachers’ resistance to technology integration Published in Technology, Pedagogy and Education
2016	Student rules: exploring patterns of students' computer-efficacy and engagement with digital technologies in learning Published in Computers and Education
2017	Data mining in educational technology classroom research: Can it make a contribution? Published in Computers and Education
2018	App clusters: Exploring patterns of multiple app use in primary learning contexts Published in Computers and Education
2016	Having a go: Looking at teachers’ experience of risk-taking in technology integration Published in Education and Information Technologies
2016	Seeing the system: Dynamics and complexity of technology integration in secondary schools Published in Education and Information Technologies

Research Areas

Research Overview

My research focuses on the use of new technologies and data science to explore classroom practice and teacher change, specifically related to technology adoption and integration in learning. I have a particular research focuses on cultural and individual factors of teachers’ digital technology use, change process and learning design related to subject areas, school culture and underlying principles of teaching and learning. Current major projects include a national study of app use in primary schools, automating long-term low-disturbance classroom observation, and creating data and video mining methods to study the integration of digital and physical spaces in blended learning.

Available as Research Supervisor

Selected Publications

Journal Article

Year	Title
2019	Privacy and app use in Australian primary schools: insights into school-based Internet governance Published In Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources
2019	Usage profiling from mobile applications: A case study of online activity for Australian primary schools Published In Knowledge-Based Systems
2019	Working the system: Development of a system model of technology integration to inform learning task design Published In British Journal of Educational Technology
2018	App clusters: Exploring patterns of multiple app use in primary learning contexts Published In Computers and Education
2018	Sustainability and Scalability in Educational Technology Initiatives: Research-Informed Practice Published In Technology, Knowledge and Learning
2017	Data mining in educational technology classroom research: Can it make a contribution? Published In Computers and Education
2017	Exploring Engineering instructors’ views about writing and online tools to support communication in Engineering Published In European Journal of Engineering Education
2016	Having a go: Looking at teachers’ experience of risk-taking in technology integration Published In Education and Information Technologies
2016	Seeing the system: Dynamics and complexity of technology integration in secondary schools Published In Education and Information Technologies
2016	Student rules: exploring patterns of students' computer-efficacy and engagement with digital technologies in learning Published In Computers and Education
2015	More than beliefs: Subject areas and teachers' integration of laptops in secondary teaching Published In British Journal of Educational Technology
2015	Technology practices: confirmatory factor analysis and exploration of teachers' technology integration in subject areas Published In Computers and Education
2014	State and local efforts to investigate the validity and reliability of scores from teacher evaluation systems Published In Teachers College Record
2013	Free for all: a case study for examining implementation factors of one-to-one device programs Published In Computers in the Schools
2013	Risk-aversion: Understanding teachers’ resistance to technology integration Published In Technology, Pedagogy and Education
2011	Affect and acceptability: Exploring teachers’ technology-related risk perceptions Published In Educational Media International
2011	Theorising knowledge practices: a missing piece of the educational technology puzzle Published In Research in Learning Technology
2010	Professional identity creation: examining the development of beginning preservice teachers’ understanding of their work as teachers Published In Teaching and Teacher Education
2009	How serious are duty of care risks in virtual reality? Published In EQ Australia
2008	Knowledge labels and their correlates in an asynchronous test-based computer-supported collaborative learning environment: Who uses and who benefits? Published In Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning

Chapter

Year	Title
2019	Perspectives on STEM education in preservice primary teacher education Published In STEM Education: An Emerging Field of Inquiry Publisher London
2016	A structure optimization algorithm of neural networks for pattern learning from educational data Published In Artificial Neural Network Modelling Publisher Switzerland
2016	LCT in mixed-methods research: Evolving an instrument for quantitative data Published In Knowledge-building: Educational studies in Legitimation Code Theory
2015	Considering the history of digital technologies in education Published In Teaching and Digital Technologies: Big Issues and Critical Questions Publisher Port Melbourne, Australia
2015	Teachers: technology, change and resistance Published In Teaching and Digital Technologies: Big Issues and Critical Questions
2012	Balancing knowledge management and knowledge mobility in the connected University Published In Knowledge mobilization and educational research : politics, languages and responsibilities Publisher London
2012	The effect of delivery method of instructional materials to meet learning goals and objectives in online and open learning environments Published In The Next Generation of Distance Education: Unconstrained Learning Publisher New York

Conference Paper

Year	Title
2020	Investigating the relationship between students’ preferred learning style on their learning experience in virtual reality (VR) learning environment Published In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2019)
2019	A clustering algorithm based on fuzzy sets and its application in learning analytics Published In IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)
2019	Seeing the wood for the trees: Insights into the complexity of developing pre-service teachers’ digital competencies for future teaching Published In ASCILITE 2019 - Conference Proceedings - 36th International Conference of Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education: Personalised Learning. Diverse Goals. One Heart.
2019	Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches to Observe Technology-Enhanced Learning Published In Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering, TALE 2018
2017	A big data analytic framework for investigating streaming educational data Published In Australasian Computer Science Week 2017
2017	Investigating live streaming data for student behaviour modelling Published In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)
2017	Persuasive Systems Design features in Promoting Medication Management for consumers Published In 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2017)
2016	Big Data, Big Theory: Moving beyond new empiricism to generate powerful explanations Published In 3rd ISA Forum of Sociology: Book of Abstracts
2016	Exploring technology integration in education using fuzzy representation and feature selection Published In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, FUZZ-IEEE 2016
2015	Mining a system: The use of data mining and system dynamics to explore technology integration Published In EARLI 2015 Book of Abstracts
2013	Driving curriculum and technological change to support writing in the engineering disciplines Published In 2013 IEEE 5th Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED)
2013	Form and content: A study of underlying forms of knowledge and technology integration in secondary teaching Published In ALT-C 2013
2013	Integrating digital practices: A partnership to support the development of preservice teachers’ digital literacies Published In AERA 2013 SIG-Computer and Internet Applications in Education
2013	More than beliefs: Subject-areas and teachers' integration of laptops in secondary teaching Published In Responsible Teaching and Sustainable Learning: 15th Biennial EARLI Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction - Book of abstracts and extended summaries
2013	Systems of integration: Using system dynamics to understand technology integration in learning and teaching Published In 15th Biennial Conference EARLI 2013: Responsible Teaching and Sustainable Learning
2013	Technology & knowledge: An exploration of teachers’ conceptions of subject-area knowledge practices and technology integration Published In AERA 2013 SIG-Computer and Internet Applications in Education
2013	Understanding undergraduate attitudes toward plagiarism Published In 6th Asia Pacific Conference on Educational Integrity: 6APCEI
2012	A quantitative language of description: Evolution of an instrument for mixed-methods research Published In 7th International Basil Bernstein Symposium
2012	Teachers’ beliefs about first-and second-order barriers to ICT integration: Preliminary findings from a South African study Published In 23rd International Conference of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education
2011	Online practice & offline roles: A cultural view of teachers’ low engagement in online communities Published In American Educational Research Association
2010	A holistic view of teachers’ risk perceptions in the context of technology integration and educational change Published In American Educational Research Association: Understanding Complex Ecologies in a Changing World
2010	What makes technology “risky”?: An exploration of teachers’ perceived risk in the context of technology integration Published In American Educational Research Association 2010

Investigator On

Year	Title
2021	Building on rural knowledges to unlock the potential of rural students Awarded by: Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding Scheme: Discovery Projects
2015 - 2018	Understanding the dynamics of digital inclusion Awarded by: Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding Scheme: Linkage Projects
	missing activity
	missing activity

Impact Story

Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet
Summary
The Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet project aims at enabling regional high school students studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics gain skills in the construction and use of smart technologies and the Internet-of-Things to monitor water issues relevant to their school environment. The project is working with ten high schools throughout the Illawarra. It is a component of the Smart Waterways project which is a collaboration between Wollongong City Council, Shellharbour City Council, Kiama Municipal Council, Shoalhaven City Council, Lendlease Calderwood Valley Communities and UOW's SMART Infrastructure Facility.

Detail View

Detail View Summary View
Detail of Impact
Let’s build a network of sensors monitoring environmental conditionsOver the past 50 years the Illawarra Shoalhaven had more than 30 serious floods and three extreme floods, resulting in a fatality.Floods have devastating consequences and affect the economy, environment and local people. To help combat the issue the Federal Government awarded $478,449 to the region for the <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/cities/smart-cities/collaboration-platform/Smart-Water-Management-Project-Illawarra-Shoalhaven.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smart Waterways project</a>.The project use smart technology via the installation of sensors to gather data to monitor and provide information about the region’s waterways.There are several project components including <a href="http://digitallivinglab.uow.edu.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet</a>, which is aimed at enabling regional high school students studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics gain skills in the construction and use of smart technologies to monitor water issues relevant to their school environment. Working with the high schools students and teachers UOW researchers engaged with ten high schools in the Illawarra and conducted workshops to explain to the student what is the Internet-of-Things (IoT), how they can start building sensors and their use in real-world applications. The workshop also introduced the concepts of open data and open software to the students. Each student were given the IoT development kit used during the workshop. The project also aimed at helping the high school teachers to develop their own IoT sessions through dedicated workshops. The project team then provide both the necessary equipment and technical support to the teachers and their schools. Open data The environmental data collected by the sensors built by the students will be shared with the community and will be also used by the other components of the Smart Waterways project. A collaborative project The Smart Waterways project is a collaboration between Wollongong City Council, Shellharbour City Council, Kiama Municipal Council, Shoalhaven City Council, Lendlease Calderwood Valley Communities and SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong. 
Field of Research
Countries / Regions
Beneficiaries

Beneficiary Quantification Description
External Partners
Evidence of Impact

Evidence Description
UOW Centres / Programs
UOW Researchers / Collaborators

Available as Research Supervisor

Advisees

Graduate Advising Relationship

Degree	Research Title	Advisee
Master of Philosophy	Sociology and Open Education Resources: Designing, Developing, and Implementing an Introductory Sociology OpenCourseWare	Bell, Kenton
Doctor of Philosophy	Investigating the Design and Implementation of Educational Multi User Virtual Environments in Second Life applied to Information Sciences	Loh, Vin Cent
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Modeling student success in online learning environments	Marin Romero, Mario
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Understanding Blended Learning: Investigating a Sustainable Framework for Blended Learning from the Perspective of a Small Island Nation	Ali, Ramiz
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Integrating social communication in higher education: A case study on the use of Twitter in a Saudi Arabian university	Alaraj, Saleh
Doctor of Education	The role of teacher leaders: A study of artificial intelligence and educational change	Peloche, Juliana
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	The Impact of Technology on Gifted Students in Saudi Arabia.	Alqahtani, Nafal Saif S

Orcid Id

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-2134 (confirmed)

Scopus Id

35219969300

Top Publications

Year	Title
2019	Usage profiling from mobile applications: A case study of online activity for Australian primary schools Published in Knowledge-Based Systems
2013	Risk-aversion: Understanding teachers’ resistance to technology integration Published in Technology, Pedagogy and Education
2016	Student rules: exploring patterns of students' computer-efficacy and engagement with digital technologies in learning Published in Computers and Education
2017	Data mining in educational technology classroom research: Can it make a contribution? Published in Computers and Education
2018	App clusters: Exploring patterns of multiple app use in primary learning contexts Published in Computers and Education
2016	Having a go: Looking at teachers’ experience of risk-taking in technology integration Published in Education and Information Technologies
2016	Seeing the system: Dynamics and complexity of technology integration in secondary schools Published in Education and Information Technologies

Research Areas

Research Overview

My research focuses on the use of new technologies and data science to explore classroom practice and teacher change, specifically related to technology adoption and integration in learning. I have a particular research focuses on cultural and individual factors of teachers’ digital technology use, change process and learning design related to subject areas, school culture and underlying principles of teaching and learning. Current major projects include a national study of app use in primary schools, automating long-term low-disturbance classroom observation, and creating data and video mining methods to study the integration of digital and physical spaces in blended learning.

Selected Publications

Journal Article

Year	Title
2019	Privacy and app use in Australian primary schools: insights into school-based Internet governance Published In Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources
2019	Usage profiling from mobile applications: A case study of online activity for Australian primary schools Published In Knowledge-Based Systems
2019	Working the system: Development of a system model of technology integration to inform learning task design Published In British Journal of Educational Technology
2018	App clusters: Exploring patterns of multiple app use in primary learning contexts Published In Computers and Education
2018	Sustainability and Scalability in Educational Technology Initiatives: Research-Informed Practice Published In Technology, Knowledge and Learning
2017	Data mining in educational technology classroom research: Can it make a contribution? Published In Computers and Education
2017	Exploring Engineering instructors’ views about writing and online tools to support communication in Engineering Published In European Journal of Engineering Education
2016	Having a go: Looking at teachers’ experience of risk-taking in technology integration Published In Education and Information Technologies
2016	Seeing the system: Dynamics and complexity of technology integration in secondary schools Published In Education and Information Technologies
2016	Student rules: exploring patterns of students' computer-efficacy and engagement with digital technologies in learning Published In Computers and Education
2015	More than beliefs: Subject areas and teachers' integration of laptops in secondary teaching Published In British Journal of Educational Technology
2015	Technology practices: confirmatory factor analysis and exploration of teachers' technology integration in subject areas Published In Computers and Education
2014	State and local efforts to investigate the validity and reliability of scores from teacher evaluation systems Published In Teachers College Record
2013	Free for all: a case study for examining implementation factors of one-to-one device programs Published In Computers in the Schools
2013	Risk-aversion: Understanding teachers’ resistance to technology integration Published In Technology, Pedagogy and Education
2011	Affect and acceptability: Exploring teachers’ technology-related risk perceptions Published In Educational Media International
2011	Theorising knowledge practices: a missing piece of the educational technology puzzle Published In Research in Learning Technology
2010	Professional identity creation: examining the development of beginning preservice teachers’ understanding of their work as teachers Published In Teaching and Teacher Education
2009	How serious are duty of care risks in virtual reality? Published In EQ Australia
2008	Knowledge labels and their correlates in an asynchronous test-based computer-supported collaborative learning environment: Who uses and who benefits? Published In Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning

Chapter

Year	Title
2019	Perspectives on STEM education in preservice primary teacher education Published In STEM Education: An Emerging Field of Inquiry Publisher London
2016	A structure optimization algorithm of neural networks for pattern learning from educational data Published In Artificial Neural Network Modelling Publisher Switzerland
2016	LCT in mixed-methods research: Evolving an instrument for quantitative data Published In Knowledge-building: Educational studies in Legitimation Code Theory
2015	Considering the history of digital technologies in education Published In Teaching and Digital Technologies: Big Issues and Critical Questions Publisher Port Melbourne, Australia
2015	Teachers: technology, change and resistance Published In Teaching and Digital Technologies: Big Issues and Critical Questions
2012	Balancing knowledge management and knowledge mobility in the connected University Published In Knowledge mobilization and educational research : politics, languages and responsibilities Publisher London
2012	The effect of delivery method of instructional materials to meet learning goals and objectives in online and open learning environments Published In The Next Generation of Distance Education: Unconstrained Learning Publisher New York

Conference Paper

Year	Title
2020	Investigating the relationship between students’ preferred learning style on their learning experience in virtual reality (VR) learning environment Published In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2019)
2019	A clustering algorithm based on fuzzy sets and its application in learning analytics Published In IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)
2019	Seeing the wood for the trees: Insights into the complexity of developing pre-service teachers’ digital competencies for future teaching Published In ASCILITE 2019 - Conference Proceedings - 36th International Conference of Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education: Personalised Learning. Diverse Goals. One Heart.
2019	Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches to Observe Technology-Enhanced Learning Published In Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering, TALE 2018
2017	A big data analytic framework for investigating streaming educational data Published In Australasian Computer Science Week 2017
2017	Investigating live streaming data for student behaviour modelling Published In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)
2017	Persuasive Systems Design features in Promoting Medication Management for consumers Published In 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2017)
2016	Big Data, Big Theory: Moving beyond new empiricism to generate powerful explanations Published In 3rd ISA Forum of Sociology: Book of Abstracts
2016	Exploring technology integration in education using fuzzy representation and feature selection Published In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, FUZZ-IEEE 2016
2015	Mining a system: The use of data mining and system dynamics to explore technology integration Published In EARLI 2015 Book of Abstracts
2013	Driving curriculum and technological change to support writing in the engineering disciplines Published In 2013 IEEE 5th Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED)
2013	Form and content: A study of underlying forms of knowledge and technology integration in secondary teaching Published In ALT-C 2013
2013	Integrating digital practices: A partnership to support the development of preservice teachers’ digital literacies Published In AERA 2013 SIG-Computer and Internet Applications in Education
2013	More than beliefs: Subject-areas and teachers' integration of laptops in secondary teaching Published In Responsible Teaching and Sustainable Learning: 15th Biennial EARLI Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction - Book of abstracts and extended summaries
2013	Systems of integration: Using system dynamics to understand technology integration in learning and teaching Published In 15th Biennial Conference EARLI 2013: Responsible Teaching and Sustainable Learning
2013	Technology & knowledge: An exploration of teachers’ conceptions of subject-area knowledge practices and technology integration Published In AERA 2013 SIG-Computer and Internet Applications in Education
2013	Understanding undergraduate attitudes toward plagiarism Published In 6th Asia Pacific Conference on Educational Integrity: 6APCEI
2012	A quantitative language of description: Evolution of an instrument for mixed-methods research Published In 7th International Basil Bernstein Symposium
2012	Teachers’ beliefs about first-and second-order barriers to ICT integration: Preliminary findings from a South African study Published In 23rd International Conference of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education
2011	Online practice & offline roles: A cultural view of teachers’ low engagement in online communities Published In American Educational Research Association
2010	A holistic view of teachers’ risk perceptions in the context of technology integration and educational change Published In American Educational Research Association: Understanding Complex Ecologies in a Changing World
2010	What makes technology “risky”?: An exploration of teachers’ perceived risk in the context of technology integration Published In American Educational Research Association 2010

Investigator On

Year	Title
2021	Building on rural knowledges to unlock the potential of rural students Awarded by: Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding Scheme: Discovery Projects
2015 - 2018	Understanding the dynamics of digital inclusion Awarded by: Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding Scheme: Linkage Projects
	missing activity
	missing activity

Impact Story

Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet
Summary
The Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet project aims at enabling regional high school students studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics gain skills in the construction and use of smart technologies and the Internet-of-Things to monitor water issues relevant to their school environment. The project is working with ten high schools throughout the Illawarra. It is a component of the Smart Waterways project which is a collaboration between Wollongong City Council, Shellharbour City Council, Kiama Municipal Council, Shoalhaven City Council, Lendlease Calderwood Valley Communities and UOW's SMART Infrastructure Facility.

Detail View

Detail View Summary View
Detail of Impact
Let’s build a network of sensors monitoring environmental conditionsOver the past 50 years the Illawarra Shoalhaven had more than 30 serious floods and three extreme floods, resulting in a fatality.Floods have devastating consequences and affect the economy, environment and local people. To help combat the issue the Federal Government awarded $478,449 to the region for the <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/cities/smart-cities/collaboration-platform/Smart-Water-Management-Project-Illawarra-Shoalhaven.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smart Waterways project</a>.The project use smart technology via the installation of sensors to gather data to monitor and provide information about the region’s waterways.There are several project components including <a href="http://digitallivinglab.uow.edu.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet</a>, which is aimed at enabling regional high school students studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics gain skills in the construction and use of smart technologies to monitor water issues relevant to their school environment. Working with the high schools students and teachers UOW researchers engaged with ten high schools in the Illawarra and conducted workshops to explain to the student what is the Internet-of-Things (IoT), how they can start building sensors and their use in real-world applications. The workshop also introduced the concepts of open data and open software to the students. Each student were given the IoT development kit used during the workshop. The project also aimed at helping the high school teachers to develop their own IoT sessions through dedicated workshops. The project team then provide both the necessary equipment and technical support to the teachers and their schools. Open data The environmental data collected by the sensors built by the students will be shared with the community and will be also used by the other components of the Smart Waterways project. A collaborative project The Smart Waterways project is a collaboration between Wollongong City Council, Shellharbour City Council, Kiama Municipal Council, Shoalhaven City Council, Lendlease Calderwood Valley Communities and SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong. 
Field of Research
Countries / Regions
Beneficiaries

Beneficiary Quantification Description
External Partners
Evidence of Impact

Evidence Description
UOW Centres / Programs
UOW Researchers / Collaborators

Advisees

Graduate Advising Relationship

Degree	Research Title	Advisee
Master of Philosophy	Sociology and Open Education Resources: Designing, Developing, and Implementing an Introductory Sociology OpenCourseWare	Bell, Kenton
Doctor of Philosophy	Investigating the Design and Implementation of Educational Multi User Virtual Environments in Second Life applied to Information Sciences	Loh, Vin Cent
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Modeling student success in online learning environments	Marin Romero, Mario
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Understanding Blended Learning: Investigating a Sustainable Framework for Blended Learning from the Perspective of a Small Island Nation	Ali, Ramiz
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	Integrating social communication in higher education: A case study on the use of Twitter in a Saudi Arabian university	Alaraj, Saleh
Doctor of Education	The role of teacher leaders: A study of artificial intelligence and educational change	Peloche, Juliana
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated)	The Impact of Technology on Gifted Students in Saudi Arabia.	Alqahtani, Nafal Saif S

Orcid Id

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-2134 (confirmed)

Scopus Id

35219969300

Overview

Top Publications

Research Areas

Research Overview

Available as Research Supervisor

Publications

Selected Publications

Journal Article

Chapter

Conference Paper

Funding

Investigator On

Impact

Impact Story

Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet

Supervision

Available as Research Supervisor

Advisees

Graduate Advising Relationship

Identity

Orcid Id

Scopus Id

Overview

Top Publications

Research Areas

Research Overview

Publications

Selected Publications

Journal Article

Chapter

Conference Paper

Funding

Investigator On

Impact

Impact Story

Smarter Schools for a Smarter Planet

Supervision

Advisees

Graduate Advising Relationship

Identity

Orcid Id

Scopus Id

Visualisations

Research Areas