Abstract
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The solid-state cooling technique utilizing electrocaloric (EC) materials is an alternative approach to tackle the greenhouse effect caused by traditional vapor-compression refrigeration. However, such a promising technique is severely hampered by the lack of proper materials considering that most existing EC materials with a single positive/negative EC effect exhibit a limited cooling effect. Here, the coexistence of a positive and negative EC effects has been achieved in a lead-free Na0.5Bi0.5(Ti0.97W0.01Fe0.02)O3 ferroelectric film. A state-of-the-art positive adiabatic temperature change (��T) of ~56 K accompanied by an isothermal entropy change (��S) of ~64 J K���1 kg���1 at 143 ��C and a large negative ��T of ~ ��� 17 K with a ��S of ~ ��� 24 J K���1 kg���1 at 55 ��C are obtained under a strong electric field strength of 2692 kV cm���1. Oxygen vacancy-related defect dipoles play a critical role in the negative EC effect at lower temperatures, while the phase transition is responsible for the positive EC effect at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, the film exhibits a high EC strength with a maximum ��T/��E of 0.021 K cm kV���1, together with a ��S/��E of 0.024 J cm K���1 kg���1 kV���1. This work ensures a giant total temperature change by utilizing and combining both the negative and positive EC effects in a dual cooling process.