Phase diagram of vortex matter of type-II superconductors

We propose a model to construct the phase diagram for type-II superconductors through molecular-dynamics

simulation. In this model, the Abrikosov vortices interact with long-range repulsion and short-range attraction.

We are able to obtain the phase diagrams consisting of the vortex lattice, the intermediate-mixed phase (IMP),

and the disordered vortex phase in the B-T , B-κ, and B-q planes, where B is induction, κ is the Ginzburg-Landau

parameter, and q is the relative strength of the attraction to repulsion interactions between vortices. The IMP is in

the form of a superlattice of either vortex bubbles or parallel vortex stripes, agreeing excellently with experimental

results that have not yet been explained by existing models.