Abstract
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The concept of deploying strong carbon nanotube
yarns as actuators has produced both
electrochemically and thermally powered yarn
muscles. The performance of electrochemically
powered yarn muscles [1, 2] is adversely affected
for most applications by the need for electrolyte,
counter electrode, and device packaging, which add
much more to actuator weight and volume than the
actuating electrode. The electrolyte also limits
operating temperature and voltage, as well as
actuation rate. Previous work has demonstrated use
of polymer-filled non-twisted carbon nanotube yarns
as thermally powered shape memory actuators, but
reversible actuation was not achieved [3]. Dispersed
carbon nanotubes and nanotube sheets have been
used for electrically heating thermally actuating
materials to provide cantilever deflections [4, 5, 6].