Abstract
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In recent years, concerns about illegal, unauthorised and unreported
("IUU") fishing have increased, and States have been placed
under pressure to take action to prevent IUU fishing in the waters
under their jurisdiction2. From the late 1990s, Australia made substantial
efforts to prevent IUU fishing for Patagonian toothfish in the
waters around its sub-Antarctic islands3, including extensive fisheries
patrols and the conclusion of two landmark agreements with the
French for cooperation in intelligence and enforcement in the waters
around their possessions in the southern Indian Ocean4.