Abstract
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The analysis of the mining sector in the USA describes a mature industrial economy with strong and well-developed producer organisations and firms; technology providers; science and education system; policy institutions and infrastructure which supported innovation and technological development within the NRBI. Similar developments are observed in the Australian and Norwegian cases. However, none of the studies discuss the institutional foundations for the establishment of knowledge organisations relating to natural resource based industries. This gap in the research agenda of NRBI is the topic of this chapter.